Uncovering the Mystery of Financial Failure: Financial and Non-Financial Factors in the Financial Crisis and Their Implications for Sustainable Development Goal 8

Authors

  • Nikke Yusnita Mahardini Sebelas Maret University Author
  • Bandi Bandi Sebelas Maret University Author
  • Payamta Payamta Sebelas Maret University Author
  • Setianingtyas Honggowati Sebelas Maret University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63230/jocsis.3.2.172

Keywords:

Corporate Governance, Financial Distress, Financial Sustainability, Liquidity Ratio, Ownership Structure, Sustainable Development Goal 8

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the impact of ownership structure, CEO characteristics, and accounting ratios on financial distress. This research also examines the implications of financial distress factors for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 8 through maintaining corporate sustainability and economic growth. Method: The research uses multiple regression analysis tests. The research results show that company ownership structure, CEO education, and liquidity ratios make a significant contribution to financial risk, namely financial distress. Other variables, namely age and CEO tenure, do not have a significant effect on financial distress. Results:  This research provides contributions to both academics and practitioners, especially from the perspective of financial distress or bankruptcy studies..  Novelty: The originality of this research is the use of non-financial factors such as ownership structure and CEO characteristics which are associated with the risk of financial distress. Most studies test the ability of financial factors to influence financial distress, while this study integrates financial and non-financial factors to explain the possibility of corporate financial failure and its implications for Sustainable Development Goal 8.

References

Agostini, M. (2018). Corporate financial distress: Going concern evaluation in both international and U.S. contexts. Palgrave Macmillan.

Alaminos, D., del Castillo, A., & Fernández, M. Á. (2016). A global model for bankruptcy prediction. PLOS ONE, 11(11), Article e0166693. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166693

Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00843.x

Ani, S. M., & Siregar, A. O. (2019). Data akuntansi dalam memprediksi kebangkrutan: Perspektif historis dan kontemporer. Jurnal Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 21(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.34208/jba.v21i1.422

Bae, J. K. (2012). Predicting financial distress of the South Korean manufacturing industries. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(10), 9159–9165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.058

Boeker, W. (1997). Strategic change: The influence of managerial characteristics and organizational growth. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 152–170. https://doi.org/10.5465/257024

Bouaziz, D., Salhi, B., & Jarboui, A. (2020). CEO characteristics and earnings management: Empirical evidence from France. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 18(1), 77–110. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-01-2019-0008

Certo, S. T., Holmes, R. M., Jr., & Holcomb, T. R. (2007). The influence of people on the performance of IPO firms. Business Horizons, 50(4), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2007.02.006

Cinantya, I. G. A. A. P., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2015). Pengaruh corporate governance, financial indicators, dan ukuran perusahaan pada financial distress. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 10(3), 897–915.

Claessens, S., Djankov, S., Fan, J. P. H., & Lang, L. H. P. (2002). Disentangling the incentive and entrenchment effects of large shareholdings. The Journal of Finance, 57(6), 2741–2771. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00511

Çolak, M. S. (2021). A new multivariate approach for assessing corporate financial risk using balance sheets. Borsa Istanbul Review, 21(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2020.10.007

Datta, D. K., & Guthrie, J. P. (1994). Executive succession: Organizational antecedents of CEO characteristics. Strategic Management Journal, 15(7), 569–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150706

Donker, H., Santen, B., & Zahir, S. (2009). Ownership structure and the likelihood of financial distress in the Netherlands. Applied Financial Economics, 19(21), 1687–1696. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603100802599647

Elsharkawy, M., Paterson, A. S., & Sherif, M. (2018). Now you see me: Diversity, CEO education, and bank performance in the UK. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 15(1), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.23

Evans, J. H., III, Luo, S., & Nagarajan, N. J. (2014). CEO turnover, financial distress, and contractual innovations. The Accounting Review, 89(3), 959–990. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50688

Filbeck, G., & Krueger, T. M. (2005). An analysis of working capital management results across industries. American Journal of Business, 20(2), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/19355181200500007

Finkelstein, S., & Hambrick, D. C. (1990). Top-management-team tenure and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of managerial discretion. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(3), 484–503. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393314

Ghozali, I. (2020). 25 grand theory: 25 teori besar ilmu manajemen, akuntansi, dan bisnis untuk landasan teori skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi. Yoga Pratama.

Gomes, R. C., Alfinito, S., & Albuquerque, P. H. M. (2013). Analyzing local government financial performance: Evidence from Brazilian municipalities 2005–2008. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 17(6), 704–719. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552013000600005

Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1984.4277628

Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1984.4277628

Herrmann, P., & Datta, D. K. (2002). CEO successor characteristics and the choice of foreign market entry mode: An empirical study. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(3), 551–569. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491031

Herrmann, P., & Datta, D. K. (2002). CEO successor characteristics and the choice of foreign market entry mode: An empirical study. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(3), 551–569. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491031

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Jensen, M. C. (2005). Agency costs of overvalued equity. Financial Management, 34(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2005.tb00090.x

Jepkorir, S., Muturi, W. M., & Ndegwa, J. (2019). Liquidity management as a determinant of financial distress in savings and credit cooperative organizations in Kenya. International Journal of Business Management and Processes, 4(3), 10–17.

Leng, J., Ozkan, A., Ozkan, N., & Trzeciakiewicz, A. (2021). CEO overconfidence and the probability of corporate failure: Evidence from the United Kingdom. The European Journal of Finance, 27(12), 1210–1234. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2021.1876131

Liu, C., Uchida, K., & Yang, Y. (2012). Corporate governance and firm value during the global financial crisis: Evidence from China. International Review of Financial Analysis, 21, 70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2011.11.002

Mahardini, N. Y., & Bandi. (2023a). An analysis of factors affecting financial distress: The case of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia. JAK (Jurnal Akuntansi): Kajian Ilmiah Akuntansi, 10(1), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.30656/jak.v10i1.6144

Mahardini, N. Y., & Bandi. (2023b). Choosing ratio in the financial distress prediction model. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 34, 1213–1232. https://doi.org/10.59670/jns.v34i.1227

Mahardini, N. Y., Bandi, Payamta, & Honggowati, S. (2022). Financial distress and bankruptcy prediction research in Indonesia: Last 20 years. In Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Business and Economics (ICBE 2022) (pp. 231–240). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-066-4_20

Mahardini, N. Y., & Framita, D. S. (2022). Financial distress: Studi pada jumlah dewan komisaris, karakteristik CEO, dan leverage perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Journal of Applied Management Research, 2(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.36441/jamr.v2i2.1209

Manner, M. H. (2010). The impact of CEO characteristics on corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(Suppl. 1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0626-7

Manzaneque, M., Priego, A. M., & Merino, E. (2016). Corporate governance effect on financial distress likelihood: Evidence from Spain. Revista de Contabilidad—Spanish Accounting Review, 19(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2015.04.001

Maxam, L. C., Nikbakht, E., Petrova, M., & Spieler, C. A. (2006). Managerial characteristics and hedge fund performance. Journal of Applied Finance, 16(2), 57–71.

Muamar, Y. (2020, February 6). Sektor manufaktur RI 2019 lesu, 11 saham otomotif ini merana. CNBC Indonesia.

Naseem, M. A., Lin, J., Rehman, R. U., Ahmad, M. I., & Ali, R. (2020). Does capital structure mediate the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance? Management Decision, 58(1), 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2018-0594

La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (2000). Investor protection and corporate governance. Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1–2), 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00065-9

Prihadi, T. (2020). Analisis laporan keuangan. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Saleh, D. S. (2018). Pengaruh operating capacity, arus kas operasi, dan biaya variabel terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan manufaktur subsektor tekstil dan garment yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2009–2016. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 5(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.34308/eqien.v5i1.12

Sebaa, A. A., Wallace, J., & Cornelius, N. (2009). Managerial characteristics, strategy and performance in local government. Measuring Business Excellence, 13(4), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040911006756

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737–783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x

Sun, J., Li, H., Huang, Q. H., & He, K. Y. (2014). Predicting financial distress and corporate failure: A review from the state-of-the-art definitions, modeling, sampling, and featuring approaches. Knowledge-Based Systems, 57, 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2013.12.006

Tanjaya, F. L., & Santoso, E. B. (2020). Asosiasi karakteristik CEO terhadap potensi kesulitan keuangan perusahaan. Media Akuntansi dan Perpajakan Indonesia, 1(2), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.37715/mapi.v1i2.1407

Hernandez Tinoco, M., & Wilson, N. (2013). Financial distress and bankruptcy prediction among listed companies using accounting, market and macroeconomic variables. International Review of Financial Analysis, 30, 394–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.02.013

Wang, Z.-J., & Deng, X.-L. (2006). Corporate governance and financial distress: Evidence from Chinese listed companies. The Chinese Economy, 39(5), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475390501

van der Zee, A., & Swagerman, D. M. (2009). The upper echelon theory and ethical behaviour: An illustration of the theory and a plea for its extension towards ethical behaviour. Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, 4(2), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v4i2.158

van der Zee, A., & Swagerman, D. M. (2009). Upper echelon theory and ethical behaviour: An illustration of the theory and a plea for its extension towards ethical behaviour. Journal of Law and Governance, 4(2), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v4i2.158

Published

2026-07-18

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Uncovering the Mystery of Financial Failure: Financial and Non-Financial Factors in the Financial Crisis and Their Implications for Sustainable Development Goal 8. (2026). Journal of Current Studies in SDGs, 3(2), 172. https://doi.org/10.63230/jocsis.3.2.172