IoT-based Embedded System for Data Acquisition and Monitoring Measurement Data Methane Concentration, Humidity, and Temperature on Peatland

Iwan  Sugriwan; Melania Suweni  Muntini; Yono Hadi  Pramono

doi:10.63230/jocsis.3.2.190

Authors

Iwan Sugriwan University of Lambung Mangkurat Author
Melania Suweni Muntini Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember Author
Yono Hadi Pramono Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63230/jocsis.3.2.190

Keywords:

Embedded System, Internet of Things (IoT), Methane Monitoring, Peatland, SDG 13

Abstract

Abstract. In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, characterized by integrating digital technologies into all aspects of our lives, developing innovative environmental devices for analyzing and monitoring methane gas concentration, air humidity, and temperature from peatland has become increasingly significant. Methane (CH₄) is a major contributor to greenhouse gases, alongside carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), and is emitted by peatlands. The proposed IoT-based embedded system, a key component of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, plays a crucial role in data acquisition and displaying measurement data online. TGS2611 is a sensor device that detects methane concentration, and DHT22 is a device that senses humidity and temperature. Both sensor modules, TGS2611 and DHT22, are connected to the Node MCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller and a Wi-Fi module. Node MCU ESP8266 is also connected to an LCD 20x4 character to display methane concentration, humidity, and temperature. Wi-Fi signal connected to the three parameters from the Node MCU ESP8266. ESP8266 accesses the SSID address and password on the server computer. The database system built with MySQL to show methane concentration, temperature, and humidity on the server computer receives the measurement results data.; we developed a web page with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP to access the measurement data results on a database system.

References

Abdollahi, S. A., Faramarzi, S., Azizi Gheshlaghchaei, B., Amin, S. S., Heidarshenas, M. H., Majidi, H., & Talati, F. (2025). Development of freezing process of phase change materials in cylindrical thermal energy storage tanks with various fin configurations. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 17896. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02262-x

Ainur Rahma, M., Suweni Muntini, M., & Sugriwan, I. (2024). Methane (CH4) detection system using the TGS2611 sensor and MQ-4 sensor. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2780(1), Article 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2780/1/012034

Ariadi, M. M., Sugriwan, I., & Fahrudin, A. E. (2018). Sistem alat ukur kekeruhan berbasis mikrokontroler ATMega16A-PU. Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 15(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.20527/flux.v15i1.6154

Chew, B.-K., Mahmud, A., & Singh, H. (2025). Autonomous hazardous gas detection systems: A systematic review. Sensors, 25(21), Article 6618. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216618

Dimitrijević, A., Milosavljević, A., & Rančić, D. (2023). Efficient distortion mitigation and partition reduction in mapping global geodata: Dual orthogonal equidistant cylindrical projection approach. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(7), Article 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070289

Evans, C. D., Peacock, M., Baird, A. J., Artz, R. R. E., Burden, A., Callaghan, N., Chapman, P. J., Cooper, H. M., Coyle, M., & Craig, E. (2021). Overriding water table control on managed peatland greenhouse gas emissions. Nature, 593(7860), 548–552. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03523-1

Filonchyk, M., Peterson, M. P., Zhang, L., Hurynovich, V., & He, Y. (2024). Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change: Examining the influence of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Science of the Total Environment, 935, Article 173359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173359

Gu, M., Chen, J., Mei, J., Tan, T., Wang, G., Liu, K., Liu, G., & Gao, X. (2022). Open-path anti-pollution multi-pass cell-based TDLAS sensor for the online measurement of atmospheric H2O and CO2 fluxes. Optics Express, 30(24), 43961–43972. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.474070

Gunduz, T., & Demircan, T. (2022). Numerical analysis of the effects of current collector plate geometry on performance in a cylindrical PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(39), 17393–17406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.221

Hošek, P., & Spiwok, V. (2016). Metadyn View: Fast web-based viewer of free energy surfaces calculated by metadynamics. Computer Physics Communications, 198, 222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.037

Isnaini, N., Suweni Muntini, M., & Sugriwan, I. (2024). Website-based monitoring system for methane (CH4) concentration, humidity, and temperature. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2780(1), Article 012035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2780/1/012035

Kaloumenou, M., Skotadis, E., Lagopati, N., Efstathopoulos, E., & Tsoukalas, D. (2022). Breath analysis: A promising tool for disease diagnosis—The role of sensors. Sensors, 22(3), Article 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031238

Kanakaraja, P., Sundar, P. S., Vaishnavi, N., Reddy, S. G. K., & Manikanta, G. S. (2021). IoT enabled advanced forest fire detecting and monitoring on Ubidots platform. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 3907–3914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.343

Kanna, V., Roseline, S., Balamurugan, K., Jeeva, S., & Santhiyagu, I. A. (2024). The effects of greenhouse gas emissions on global warming. In Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (Vol. 1, pp. 143–154). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-93940-9.00216-4

Kwilinski, A., Dobrovolska, O., Wołowiec, T., Cwynar, W., Didenko, I., Artyukhov, A., & Dluhopolskyi, O. (2024). Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane: What types of greenhouse gases are most affected by green investments and renewable energy development? Energies, 17(4), Article 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040804

Li, Y., Chen, H., Li, H., Liu, C., Li, J., Chen, Q., Li, K., Zhang, S., & Gu, M. (2023). Ultra-high sensitivity methane gas sensor based on vernier effect in double D-shaped and cryptophane-A film-coated photonic crystal fiber: Design and FEM simulation. Results in Physics, 52, Article 106840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2023.106840

Lupascu, M., Varkkey, H., & Tortajada, C. (2020). Is flooding considered a threat in the degraded tropical peatlands? Science of the Total Environment, 723, Article 137988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137988

Machín, A., & Márquez, F. (2025). Next-generation chemical sensors: The convergence of nanomaterials, advanced characterization, and real-world applications. Chemosensors, 13(9), Article 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13090345

Mander, Ü., Öpik, M., & Espenberg, M. (2025). Global peatland greenhouse gas dynamics: State of the art, processes, and perspectives. New Phytologist, 246(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20436

Montoya, J. J. M., Penalva, G. T., Navarro, E. À., Zea, K. H., Suaña, J. A. R., & Chilo, J. (2021). IoT aroma sensor module to determine beverage alcohol grade. In 2021 11th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS) (pp. 43–48). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IDAACS53288.2021.9661006

Oni, A. O., Giwa, T., Font-Palma, C., & Fadare, D. A. (2023). Comparative techno-economic and life cycle greenhouse gas assessment of ammonia production from thermal decomposition of methane and steam methane reforming technologies. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 123, Article 103819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2022.103819

Salimian, A. (2024). Quantitative hydrogen and methane gas sensing via implementing AI-based spectral analysis of plasma discharge. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 50, 1157–1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.10.010

Strack, M., Hayne, S., Lovitt, J., McDermid, G. J., Rahman, M. M., Saraswati, S., & Xu, B. (2019). Petroleum exploration increases methane emissions from northern peatlands. Nature Communications, 10(1), Article 2804. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10762-4

Sugavaneshwaran, K., Banerjee, A., & Mukherjee, J. (2024). Estimation of greenhouse gas emission by employing remote sensing techniques. In A. Banerjee et al. (Eds.), Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions: Problems and solutions (pp. 225–244). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7554-5_10

Sugriwan, I., & Soesanto, O. (2017). Development of TGS2611 methane sensor and SHT11 humidity and temperature sensor for measuring greenhouse gas on peatlands in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 853(1), Article 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/853/1/012006

Swain, C. K., Chatterjee, D., Nayak, A. K., Mohapatra, K. K., Sahoo, R., Pradhan, A., Moharana, K. C., & Singh, N. R. (2024). Greenhouse gas and energy flux measurements with eddy covariance technique under lowland rice ecology. In Climate Change Impacts on Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum (pp. 631–666). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7935-6_23

Tu'u, D. H., Sugriwan, I., & Fahrudin, A. E. (2019). Pembuatan alat ukur distribusi bunyi dalam ruang secara nirkabel berbasis mikrokontroler. Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 16(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.20527/flux.v16i1.6152

Wall, D., McCullagh, P., Cleland, I., & Bond, R. (2021). Development of an Internet of Things solution to monitor and analyse indoor air quality. Internet of Things, 14, Article 100392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2021.100392

Xu, X., Zhong, X., Dong, J., Xie, D., & Lu, W. (2023). Measuring methane emissions during the installation of residential and commercial natural gas meters in China. Science of the Total Environment, 904, Article 166629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166629

Yang, S., Svoronos, S. A., & Pullammanappallil, P. (2022). Development of inexpensive, automatic, real-time measurement system for online methane content and biogas flowrate. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 13(12), 4839–4849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01835-5

Zhang, Y., Chen, F., Wang, D., Wang, T., & Zhang, D. (2023). Vanadium dioxide/molybdenum telluride heterojunction gas sensor for methane detection. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 969, Article 172023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172023