Curriculum Analysis to Evaluate Sustainable Learning in High School Physics Through AI-Based Learning Media for SDG 9

Authors

  • Rahmatta Thoriq Lintangesukmanjaya Universitas Negeri Surabaya Author
  • Wildan Fitroni Universitas Negeri Surabaya Author
  • Binar Kurnia Prahani Universitas Negeri Surabaya Author
  • Dwikoranto Dwikoranto Universitas Negeri Surabaya Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63230/jocsis.1.4.92

Keywords:

AI , Curriculum, Evaluation, K-13 Curriculum, Merdeka Curriculum

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of the curriculum at SMAN 1 Cerme, Gresik, in order to identify the alignment of learning outcomes with applicable curriculum standards. This study also aims to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), which emphasizes inclusive and equitable quality education, and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), which encourages innovation in educational practices. Method: This research employs a qualitative descriptive method. Primary data were obtained from interviews and decisions issued by KOSP SMAN 1 Cerme, while secondary data were collected through observations and student response questionnaires. Results:  The findings reveal that SMAN 1 Cerme applies the K-13 curriculum for grade XII and the Merdeka Curriculum for grades X and XI. The implementation demonstrates the importance of monitoring and evaluation to ensure the curriculum effectively supports the school's vision and mission. Novelty: This research's novelty lies in integrating curriculum analysis with the Sustainable Development Goals framework. By linking curriculum implementation to SDG 4 and SDG 9, this study highlights how curriculum transformation not only supports local educational objectives but also contributes to global efforts to promote quality education and foster innovation in learning infrastructure.

References

Agustinawati, A., & Sunarya, Y. (2023). Analisis implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam mengatasi retensi kelas di sekolah menengah atas. Jurnal Paedagogy, 10(3).

Angga, A., Suryana, C., Nurwahidah, I., Hernawan, A. H., & Prihantini, P. (2022). Komparasi implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Merdeka di sekolah dasar Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 5877–5889. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.3149

Apriyani, D. C. N. (2022). The analysis of schools and mathematics teachers’ readiness to face the “Merdeka” curriculum implementation. In Proceedings of the Conference on Learning and Education (pp. 91). STKIP PGRI Pacitan.

Ardiawan, I. K. N. (2020). Studi peningkatan kesiapan guru PAUD terhadap implementasi Kurikulum 2013 (meta-analisis). Widya Kumara: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.55115/widyakumara.v1i1.580

Arrohman, D. A., & Lestari, T. (2023). Analisis keragaman peserta didik dan implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada mata pelajaran fisika. Journal of Science and Education Research, 2(2). https://jurnal.insanmulia.or.id/index.php/jser/

Asnidar, V., Nurulwati, N., & Hamid, A. (2023). Implementation of Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka and response of physics education students at Syiah Kuala University. Jurnal Serambi Akademica, 11(8), 1044–1051. https://doi.org/10.32672/jsa.v11i8.6578

Azita, A., Ersalianda, D., Andri, M., Mukhlis, M., & Tandon, M. (2023). Differences in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum and the independent learning curriculum at SMAN 3 Siak Hulu. Lingeduca: Journal of Language and Education Studies, 2(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.55849/lingeduca.v2i2.255

Bahri, S., & Bakri, F. (2018). Implementation of problem-based learning to improve physics learning outcomes of class X IPA-4 in SMA 59. Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika, 4(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.21009/1.04105

Baro’ah, S., Trisnawati, S. N. I., Ernawati, A., Nurjannah, Supatminingsih, T., Nurdiana, Mustari, Aziz, F., Syarifah, Nuraisyiah, Nurmitasari, Aziz, M., Astuti, R., Isma, A., & Hasyim, S. H. (2023). Kurikulum Merdeka: Inovasi kurikulum di Indonesia. Tahta Media. http://tahtamedia.co.id/index.php/issj/article/view/39

Berliana, R. (2023). Implementation of Merdeka curriculum learning: Study of high school managements. Maktab: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi, 1(3), 1037–1047. https://journal.citradharma.org/index.php/maktab/article/view/821

Chaniago, S., Yeni, D. F., & Setiawati, M. (2022). Analisis penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X pada mata pelajaran geografi di MAN I Koto Baru. Sultra Educational Journal, 2(3), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.54297/seduj.v2i3.400

Dagli, G., Altinay, F., & Altinay, Z. (2025). Education for sustainable development: Challenges and opportunities of transformative learning and teaching. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062440

Supriatna, D., Nadirah, S., Aniati, Rahman, A., Aina, M., & Saefudin, A. (2023). Implementation of Merdeka Belajar curriculum in elementary schools: How is teachers’ perception? International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science, 2(2), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.99075/ijevss.v2i02.182

Dewati, M. (2012). Pengaruh metode belajar dan tingkat penalaran formal terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v2i3.103

Duarte, B., Ferro, M., Zarouk, M. Y., Silva, A., Martins, M., & Paraguaçu, F. (2025). Towards sustainable education 4.0: Opportunities and challenges of decentralized learning with Web3 technologies. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167448

Edbais, A., & Hossain, M. (2025). Future roadmap for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals SDG 9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure in Kuwait. Sustainability, 17(2), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020477

Fauzan, F., Ansori, R. A. M., Dannur, M., Pratama, A., & Hairit, A. (2023). The implementation of the Merdeka curriculum (independent curriculum) in strengthening students’ character in Indonesia. Aqlamuna: Journal of Educational Studies, 1(1), 136–155. https://doi.org/10.58223/aqlamuna.v1i1.237

Ferdaus, S., & Novita, D. (2023). The implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in English subject at a vocational high school in Indonesia. Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual, 8(2), 297–310. https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v8i2.1201

Firdaus, M. A., Mawardi, M., & Suryani, O. (2023). Development of teaching material based on Plomp development model to support Merdeka curriculum on global warming topic. Jurnal Pijar MIPA, 18(4), 537–545. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v18i4.5286

Fitroni, W., Ramadani, Y. S., Cahya, R. D., & Rosyadi, M. R. E. (2025). Literature review: The use of professional technology in the integration of ESD (education for sustainable development) in social science learning. Journal of Innovative Technology and Sustainability Education. https://doi.org/10.63230/jitse.1.2.79

Habibbulloh, M., Jatmiko, B., & Widodo, W. (2017). Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran model guided discovery berbasis lab virtual untuk mereduksi miskonsepsi siswa SMK topik efek fotolistrik. Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA), 7(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v7n1.p27-43

Hanafi, I., & Sumitro, E. A. (2019). Perkembangan kognitif menurut Jean Piaget dan implikasinya dalam pembelajaran. Alpen: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 3(2), 87–93.

Harahap, D. G. S., Sormin, S. A., Fitrianti, H., Rafi’y, M., & Irawan, F. (2023). Implementation of Merdeka curriculum using learning management system (LMS). International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE), 2(1), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijere.v2i1.439

Hutabarat, H., Harahap, M. S., & Elindra, R. (2022). Analisis penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di SMA Negeri sekota Padangsidimpuan. Jurnal MathEdu (Mathematic Education Journal), 5(3), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.37081/mathedu.v5i3.3962

Ingtias, F. T., Ampera, D., Farihah, F., Amal, B. K., & Purba, A. S. (2022). Implementation of teaching practitioners in improving the quality of learning and implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. Jurnal Studi Guru dan Pembelajaran, 5(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.5.2.2022.1927

Irawati, D., Najili, H., Supiana, S., & Zaqiah, Q. Y. (2022). Merdeka Belajar curriculum innovation and its application in education units. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(2), 2506–2514. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i2.4603

Irving, P. W., McPadden, D., & Caballero, M. D. (2020). Communities of practice as a curriculum design theory in an introductory physics class for engineers. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 16(2), 020143. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.020143

Lintangesukmanjaya, R. T., Prahani, B. K., & Bergsma, L. N. (2025). Oriented study of virtual simulation to improve critical thinking skill in physics learning with inquiry model: Bibliometric analysis. Journal of Law and Bibliometrics Studies, 1(1), 43-43. https://doi.org/10.63230/jolabis.1.1.43

Januarita, R., Mawardi, M., & Suryani, O. (2023). Development of teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on periodic system materials for Phase E. Jurnal Pijar MIPA, 18(4), 486–492. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v18i4.5203

Jufrida, J., Kurniawan, D. A., Tanti, T., Sukarni, W., Erika, E., Hoyi, R., & Ikhlas, M. (2021). Description of student responses to the implementation of the inquiry learning model in physics. Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA), 11(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v11n1.p16-28

Junaedi, I. (2019). Proses pembelajaran yang efektif. JISAMAR (Journal of Information System, Applied, Management, Accounting and Research), 3(2), 19–25. https://journal.stmikjayakarta.ac.id/index.php/jisamar/article/view/86

Kustijono, R., & Wiwin HM, E. (2014). Pandangan guru terhadap pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013 dalam pembelajaran fisika SMK di Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA), 4(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v4n1.p1-14

Kusumastuti, A., & Khoiron, A. M. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif. Lembaga Pendidikan Sukarno Pressindo (LPSP).

Laeliyah, I., & Deta, U. A. (2022). Implementasi kurikulum satuan pendidikan dalam kondisi khusus pada mata pelajaran fisika di SMA Negeri 18 Surabaya. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Fisika, 11(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.26740/ipf.v11n1.p11-19

Lim, C. K., Haufiku, M. S., Tan, K. L., Ahmed, M. F., & Ng, T. F. (2022). Systematic review of education sustainable development in higher education institutions. Sustainability, 14(20), 13241. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013241

Mabsutsah, N., Hariyadi, S., & Prihatin, J. (2023). The readiness of science teachers to implement differentiated learning and integrated STEM in ecology subject of the “Merdeka” curriculum in junior high school. BIOEDUKASI, 21(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.19184/bioedu.v21i2.39567

Mairizwan, M., Hidayati, H., Dewi, W. S., Afrizon, R., & Jarlis, R. (2022). Increasing the competence of physics teachers in designing PjBL-based teaching aids for the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(6), 2948–2953. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i6.2585

Marlina, L., Dariyani, N., Sriyanti, I., Sudirman, S., & Meilinda, M. (2022). Development of differentiated physics teaching modules based on Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(5), 2286–2292. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i5.2061

Maryani, I., & Martaningsih, S. T. (2017). Primary school teachers’ perception about curriculum 2013 assessment system. Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 7(2), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.scholaria.2017.v7.i2.p153-164

Matsun, M., Hadiati, S., & Fajar Saputri, D. (2022). Development of IoT-based physics learning media and its effect on students’ critical thinking ability. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(5), 2241–2246. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i5.2284

Zidan, M. R., & Qamariah, Z. (2023). A literature study on the implementation of Merdeka curriculum. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Bahasa, 2(2), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurribah.v2i2.1576

Mujab, S., Rossa, A. T. R., & Gumelar, W. S. (2023). Analisis implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka (studi kasus SMK Al Huda Kedungwungu Indramayu). Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 5(1).

Mulyono, R. (2022). Analisis implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar untuk mempersiapkan pembelajaran abad 21. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 8(2), 1348–1363. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v8i2.392

Navas-Bonilla, C. d. R., Guerra-Arango, J. A., Oviedo-Guado, D. A., & Murillo-Noriega, D. E. (2025). Inclusive education through technology: A systematic review of types, tools, and characteristics. Frontiers in Education.

Nawaz, H. (2022). Perception of secondary schools’ students about physics practical work: Intended and enacted curriculum perspective. Journal of Social Sciences Advancement, 3(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.52223/JSSA22-030306-42

Ndari, W., Suyatno, S., Sukirman, S., & Mahmudah, F. N. (2023). Implementation of the Merdeka curriculum and its challenges. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(3), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.3.648

Nurwanto, N., & Habiby, W. N. (2020). Penyemaian sikap hidup damai di sekolah: Tinjauan pendidikan perdamaian dan multi-dimensi kurikulum. Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.js.2020.v10.i1.p1-11

Nurmasyitah, P., Amiruddin, A., Salim, A., Fransiska, I., Daris, K., & Suryani, K. (2023). Implementation Merdeka curriculum of learning to students’ learning activities. Holistic Science, 3(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.56495/hs.v3i1.331

Novia, K., Mawardi, M., & Suryani, O. (2023). Development of teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on solubility and solubility product in F phase. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(7), 5481–5491. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.4312

Oktasari, D., Hediansah, D., Jumadi, J., & Warsono, W. (2020). Instructional technology: Teacher’s initial perception of TPACK in physics learning. Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika, 6(1), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.21009/1.06115

Pappa, C. I., Georgiou, D., & Pittich, D. (2023). Assessing the state of technology education in primary schools: A systematic review of the last two decades. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-023-09851-9

Prasetyo, A., & Hamami, T. (2020). Prinsip-prinsip dalam pengembangan kurikulum. PALAPA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1), 42–55.

Pratikno, Y., Hermawan, E., & Arifin, A. L. (2022). Human resource “Kurikulum Merdeka” from design to implementation in the school: What worked and what not in Indonesian education. Jurnal Iqra’: Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(1), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji

Restu, R., Sriadhi, S., Gultom, S., & Ampera, D. (2022). Implementation of the Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka curriculum based on the RI 4.0 platform at Universitas Negeri Medan. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 10161–10176.

Rizaldi, D. R., Jufri, A. W., & Jamaluddin, J. (2020). PhET: Simulasi interaktif dalam proses pembelajaran fisika. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 5(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v5i1.103

Rohmah, A. N., Sari, I. J., Rohmah, N. L., Syafira, R., Fitriana, F., & Admoko, S. (2023). Implementation of the “Merdeka Belajar” curriculum in the industrial 4.0 era. International Journal of Research and Community Empowerment, 1(1), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.58706/ijorce.v1n1.p22-28

Rosmiati, I., Agustina, N. S., Maulana, Y., & Widodo, A. (2022). Analysis of the nature of science in the “Merdeka” curriculum and elementary science books and their comparison between countries. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(3), 1618–1626. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i3.1701

Salabi, A. S. (2020). Efektivitas dalam implementasi kurikulum sekolah. Education Achievement: Journal of Science and Research. https://doi.org/10.51178/jsr.v1i1.177

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2003). Penelitian kualitatif. Pustaka Pelajar.

Susanti, M., Rahmadona, T., & Fitria, Y. (2023). Studi literatur: Perbedaan penilaian Kurikulum 2013 dengan Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(1), 339–350. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i1.4444

Suzetasari, M. V., Hidayati, D., & Zakiyah, R. H. (2023). Manajemen pendidikan program P5 dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(5), 2968–2976. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i5.6106

Tesalonika, A., Dwikurnaningsih, Y., & Ismanto, B. (2022). A training module for project-based learning with Google Workspace in the Merdeka curriculum management. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v11i4.53879

Ubay, S. N., Eldarni, E., Rayendra, R., & Anugrah, S. (2023). Teachers’ perceptions on the Merdeka curriculum at SMP Negeri 39 Padang City. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 9(4), 2220–2226. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v9i4.5869

Vhalery, R., Setyastanto, A., & Leksono, A. (2022). Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka: Sebuah kajian literatur. Research and Development Journal of Education, 8(1), 185–201.

Wahyuni, S., Fitriyah, I., & Hasanah, I. (2023). The implementation of Merdeka Belajar curriculum at English department of Indonesian universities. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 10(2), 307–332. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v10i2.1249

Winarno, N., Rusdiana, D., R., Susilowati, E., et al. (2020). Implementation of integrated science curriculum: A critical review of the literature. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(2), 795–817. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.675722

Zein, M. (2016). Peran guru dalam pengembangan pembelajaran. Inspiratif Pendidikan, 5(2), 274–285. https://doi.org/10.24252/ip.v5i2.3480

Zendrato, J., & Agatha, D. C. (2023). An analysis of Merdeka curriculum implementation in Indonesia: A case study of facilitating students’ transformation. Jurnal Shanan, 7(2), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.33541/shanan.v7i2.5188

Published

2026-01-10

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Curriculum Analysis to Evaluate Sustainable Learning in High School Physics Through AI-Based Learning Media for SDG 9. (2026). Journal of Current Studies in SDGs, 1(4), 92. https://doi.org/10.63230/jocsis.1.4.92